It is the fundamental distinction between attitudes and beliefs (emotion and cognition) that underlies the emotivist distinction between disagreement in attitude and disagreement in belief, the distinction between emotive meaning and cognitive meaning, and all the theses that are based on these notions. The purpose of this chapter is to clarify this basic distinction and to give an account of the distinction between disagreement in attitude and disagreement in belief. The treatment of emotive meaning and cognitive meaning will follow in Chapters Three and Four.