French philosopher. Professor at the Institut français de Prague from 1920. Directed the Revue française de Prague from 1922 to his death. Defended two theses at the Sorbonne in 1927: "Les Formes inférieures de l'explication" (The Inner Form of Explanation) and "Psychologie et sociologie" (Psychology and Sociology). Professor at the University of Poitiers from 1927.