The distinctions Schleiermacher drew fundamentally determined the subsequent path of hermeneutics, but the absence of a basis for his ideas did not allow for their further deepening or development. In this chapter, Shpet surveys the views of, among others, Boeckh, who identified philology with history. Blass subsequently attempted to expand Boeckh's definition, outlining the tasks of philology in a way that could be transferred to history. Shpet also deals in this chapter with Birt and Usener.