Specific reading disability has been the subject of formal academic inquiry for over a century. Throughout this period, intelligence tests have played a central, but constantly evolving role in the evaluation and diagnosis of this disorder. Within this chapter, we discuss: (a) the current definition of reading disability; (b) a brief historical perspective on the use of intelligence tests to identify and diagnose specific reading disability; (c) present day methods of diagnosing specific reading disability; (d) specific cognitive constructs and their relevance to the accurate diagnosis of reading disability; and (e) the future use of intelligence tests in the identification and diagnosis of a specific reading disability, often referred to as dyslexia.