The work in the area of computational cognitive modeling explores the essence of cognition through developing detailed understanding of cognition by specifying computational models. In this enterprise, a cognitive architecture is a domain-generic computational cognitive model that may be used for a broad, multiple-domain analysis of cognition. It embodies generic descriptions of cognition in computer algorithms and programs. Building cognitive architectures is a difficult task and a serious challenge to the fields of cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and computational intelligence. In this article, discussions of issues and challenges in developing cognitive architectures will be undertaken, examples of cognitive architectures will be given, and future directions will be outlined.