In the same year that WM: Ep appeared, Heidegger devoted his lecture courses to a study of the pre-Socratics: "Parmenides" (winter semester, 1942–43) and "The Beginnings of Western Thought," sc. Heraclitus (summer semester, 1943). These crystallized later, at least partially, in edited form in the Heraclitus (VA) and Anaximander (HW) studies. In content, both come from the same level of Heidegger's development, though in form the Anaximander analysis was not edited until 1946. We understand all three of these texts, then, to form an integral whole.