This chapter discusses the problems of boys and young men in education (the "boy problem"). The focus of this chapter is Great Britain, although similar observations are made in the majority of countries for which data are available. The chapter starts with a general introduction to the boy problem, followed by an overview of the problems at different stages in the educational system, from pre-primary to university education. A number of relevant causal variables are discussed, as well as the need to act. The chapter ends with a discussion of possible solutions to the boy problem.