One of the more interesting legacies of the Vienna Circle is a conception of philosophy of science as a second-order discipline comprising both logical and empirical inquiries. Here my aim is, first, to present it; second, to compare this conception of metatheory with the dialectical conception of explication that André Carus, following Howard Stein, attributes to the later Carnap; and, third, to explore some of the issues that both conceptions face.