We are living through the aftermath of psychologism, which still has many followers, particularly in Poland, although elsewhere its grip has been broken and it is seen as a thing of the past.¹ Especially to art theorists and musicologists, who themselves take no interest in philosophy yet are inclined to make general assertions regarding the objects of their investigations, it seems almost obvious that a work of art, and especially a musical work, is something "mental": a cluster of imaginings or auditory experiences. I can almost hear some of my readers saying: why does the author complicate a simple matter? A musical work is above all a certain cluster of sounds with which one associates feelings, thoughts, and imaginings. And, as we learn from physicists and psychologists, sounds are nothing but sense-experiences and therefore mental experiences. The same applies to presentations, feelings, and so-called presentational judgments.